Mar 5, 2003
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
March 5, 2003
Contact:
Anne Johnson, Director of Communications, (202) 523-3240, ext. 27
WASHINGTON - The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, an independent federal agency advising the Administration and Congress, welcomes Secretary of State Powell's redesignation of Burma, China, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, and Sudan as "countries of particular concern" (CPCs) for severe religious freedom violations. However, the Commission is deeply disappointed that Secretary Powell did not designate India, Laos, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, and Vietnam as CPCs, all of which the Commission recommended for designation in September 2002. The final State Department list remains as it was in 2001, even though egregious abuses persist or have increased in these other countries.
The Administration has 90 days under the law in which to identify policy measures for the CPC countries. "We are looking for the Administration to designate policy measures it will take to improve the situation," said Commission Chair Felice D. Gaer.
The Commission believes there is ample evidence, even within the State Department's own religious freedom reports, that India, Laos, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, and Vietnam also meet the legislative criteria to be named CPCs. "For three years, the Commission has recommended Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, and Laos for CPC status because of their deplorable religious freedom violations, yet none has been named. Even the State Department's own report states that religious freedom ‘does not exist' in Saudi Arabia. We urge the Department to continue to assess the religious freedom violations in these countries and make CPC designations throughout the year," said Gaer.
The nine independent Commissioners deliberate on their CPC recommendations throughout the year. On September 25, 2002, the Commission met with Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage to discuss its recommendations. On September 30, 2002, the Commission sent a letter with its recommendations to Secretary Powell. It has now been five months since the Commission made its recommendations.
"In the past, the State Department has taken no additional policy action against CPCs, explicitly relying instead on pre-existing sanctions simply to meet requirements under the law. While this may be technically correct under the statute, it is indefensible as a matter of policy," said Gaer.
For more information about the Commission's CPC recommendations, country summaries are attached. To read its September 2002 letter to Secretary Powell, click on "CPCs" on our home page.
COUNTRY SUMMARIES
Burma: The Burmese government persists in exercising strict control over all religious activities and imposing severe restrictions on certain religious practices. Members of the Burmese military have reportedly killed members of religious minorities or instigated violence by the Buddhist majority against them. Police and military personnel have failed to protect religious minorities during periods of violence. The plight of religious minorities in Burma is made worse by the widespread social tensions-encouraged by the regime-between the Buddhist majority and the Christian and Muslim minorities there. Other severe violations of religious freedom have included forcible conscription of religious minorities as military porters and death for those who refuse.
China:The Chinese government continues to confine, torture, imprison, and subject individuals to other forms of ill treatment on account of their religion or belief, including Protestant Christians, Roman Catholics, Tibetan Buddhists, Uighur Muslims, and others, such as members of Falun Gong, that the government has labeled "evil cults." In fact, in the past year, official respect for religious freedom in China has diminished. Chinese government officials have continued to claim the right to control, monitor, and restrain religious practice in that country. As part of China's crackdown on religious and spiritual believers, individuals have been charged with, or detained under suspicion of, offenses that essentially penalize them for manifesting freedoms of religion or belief, speech, association, or assembly. In addition, several prominent religious leaders have been detained, often on reportedly dubious criminal charges, such as rape and other sexual violence, or financial crimes. The crackdown against religious believers was authorized at the highest levels of the government, according to reportedly official documents obtained by human rights non-governmental organizations.
India:In 2002, at least 1,000 Muslims were killed and more than 100,000 forced to flee their homes as a result of violence by Hindu mobs in Gujarat State after 58 Hindus were killed on a train in Godhra. Christians, too, were victims in Gujarat when many churches were destroyed. The state government has failed to hold key violators accountable for these abuses.
Iran:The government of Iran engages in or tolerates systematic, ongoing, and egregious violations of religious freedom, including prolonged detention and executions based primarily or entirely upon the religion of the victims. Minority religious groups that are not officially recognized by the state and those perceived to be attempting to convert Muslims suffer particular repression. Civil and human rights apply on the basis of one's religious affiliation, and only to those groups officially recognized by the government as legitimate.
Iraq:For decades, the government of Iraq has conducted a brutal campaign of murder, summary execution, arbitrary arrest, and protracted detention against the religious leaders and followers of the majority Shi'a Muslim population. Shi'a Muslims also continue to face harassment, destruction and desecration of property, and decimation of leadership. The Iraqi government has also sought to undermine the identity of minority Christian (Assyrian and Chaldean) and Yazidi groups, and members of these groups have faced repression, forced relocation, and denial of political rights.
Laos: Government officials in Laos continue to arrest, detain, and imprison members of minority religions on account of their faith. In some instances, officials attempted to force Christians to renounce their faith. A Commission delegation visited Laos in February 2002.
North Korea:Religious freedom remains non-existent in North Korea, where the government has a policy of actively discriminating against religious believers. The North Korean state severely represses public and private religious activities. The Commission has received reports that officials have arrested, imprisoned, tortured, and sometimes executed North Korean citizens who were found to have ties with overseas Christian evangelical groups operating across the border in China, as well as those who engaged in such unauthorized religious activities as public religious expression and persuasion.
Pakistan:In 2002, there has been an upsurge in attacks targeting Pakistan's Christian minority and the Government has failed adequately to protect religious minorities from sectarian violence. Discriminatory religious legislation, including the blasphemy and anti-Ahmadi laws, helps create an atmosphere of religious intolerance. Blasphemy charges, often false, result in lengthy detention and sometimes violence, including fatal attacks, against religious minority members as well as Muslims. American journalist Daniel Pearl was forced to "confess" his religion as Jewish before being beheaded on a training video by Islamic extremists.
Saudi Arabia:As noted in past years by the State Department, religious freedom "does not exist" in Saudi Arabia. The government vigorously prohibits all forms of public religious expression other than the government's interpretation and presentation of Sunni Islam. Last year, numerous foreign Christian workers were detained, arrested, tortured, and subsequently deported. Shi'a clerics and religious scholars are detained and imprisoned for their religious views, which differ from those of the government. Other severe violations include torture and cruel and degrading treatment or punishment; prolonged detention without charges; and flagrant denials of the right to liberty and security of the person, including coercive measures directed against women and the extended jurisdiction of the religious police, who exercise their vague powers in ways that violate others' religious freedom.
Sudan:The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom has identified Sudan as the world's most violent abuser of the right to freedom of religion and belief. In the Commission's view, the Sudanese government has committed genocidal atrocities against civilian populations in the South and in the Nuba Mountains. Religious conflict is a major factor in Sudan's ongoing and prolonged civil war. In the context of the civil war, government and allied forces continue to commit egregious human rights abuses, such as forced starvation as part of the denial of international humanitarian assistance, abduction and enslavement of women and children, the forcible displacement of civilian populations (e.g., from oil-producing regions), and aerial bombardment of civilians, including church property, and of humanitarian facilities.
Turkmenistan:The government severely restricts religious activity other than by the government-sanctioned Sunni Muslim Board and the Russian Orthodox Church. Members of unrecognized religious communities - including Baha'is, Baptists, Hare Krishnas, Jehovah's Witnesses, independent Muslims, Pentecostals, and Seventh-day Adventists - have reportedly been arrested and detained with allegations of torture and other ill-treatment, imprisoned, deported, harassed, and fined; they have had their services disrupted, congregations dispersed, religious literature confiscated, and places of worship destroyed."
Vietnam:The government continues repressive policies toward all religions and their followers. A Commission delegation that visited Vietnam in March 2002 found that religious dissidents remain under house arrest or are imprisoned, including Father Thaddeus Nguyen Van Ly, who was detained after submitting testimony to the Commission in 2001. In addition, government officials continue to suppress organized religious activities and to harass leaders and followers of unregistered religious organizations, as well as clergy members of officially recognized religious groups.
The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom was created by the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 to monitor the status of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion or belief abroad, as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and related international instruments, and to give independent policy recommendations to the President, the Secretary of State and the Congress.
Felice D. Gaer,Chair
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Feb 27, 2003
The Washington Post
February 27, 2003
By Felice D. Gaer and Michael K. Young
The U.S. is still far from achieving a lasting humanitarian victory.
Even as attention shifts to Iraq, America needs to be careful not to forget that its work in Afghanistan is just beginning. We have spent billions of dollars and lost precious lives to vanquish the Taliban. Yet the groundwork is being laid in Afghanistan for a regime that may be almost as repressive as the Taliban, particularly with regard to religious freedom. This is occurring with consent and, in some cases, help from the United States. When President Bush meets with Afghan President Hamid Karzai today, he should tell him that it is essential to entrench freedom, not its enemies.
There are disturbing reports that an extreme and strict interpretation of Islamic law, or sharia, is being nurtured in the post-Taliban era. Moreover, attempts are being made to include some of the harshest and most discriminatory elements of sharia in the new constitution and judicial system. The notorious Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, which enforced religious conformity and meted out harsh punishments under the Taliban, has reemerged in a supposedly gentler guise. Abuses against women and girls continue, apparently with the support of police and the courts. Women and girls finally have the opportunity to go to school, but recent attacks and threats against schools for girls are keeping many away.
Major concerns regarding human rights in Afghanistan include:
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Misguided judicial activism by Afghanistan's chief justice, including the endorsement of amputations and other abusive corporal punishments and public death threats to recalcitrant non-Muslims.
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Coercive measures (including on-the-spot beatings) by official agencies, including religious police organizations, that require Afghans to follow specific religious practices and require women to conform to stringent codes of dress, movement and behavior.
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Blasphemy charges against reformers.
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Torture and other maltreatment of prisoners, including reports of incidents resulting in mass deaths (of which there have been no thorough, credible investigations).
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Mistreatment of returning refugees and internally displaced persons, including reports of forced repatriation.
Religious freedom and other international human rights protections, particularly for Afghan women and girls, must be guaranteed in Afghanistan's new constitution. A draft of the constitution is expected early next month in preparation for Afghanistan's national assembly, or loya jirga, this year. Women's rights reportedly are being ignored, as are equal rights for religious minorities. The new constitution may lessen the human rights protections of the 1964 constitution, which declared: "The people of Afghanistan, without any discrimination or preference, have equal rights and obligations before the law." If efforts to impose a strict reading of sharia are left unchecked and unopposed, a woman's testimony in court will be counted as only half that of a man.
Several key cabinet posts have gone to leaders or members of extremist groups or ruthless warlord factions. Some of these appointments were made on the advice of the U.S. government.
Since 1999, the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, an independent federal agency, has opposed egregious violations of religious freedom in Afghanistan. Contrary to common perceptions, vigilance on these matters is still needed under the Karzai government.
The commission has recommended to the Bush administration and to Congress that the United States promptly appoint a high-ranking official to the embassy in Kabul with the responsibility to promote, coordinate, monitor and report on the implementation of international standards of human rights -- including religious freedom -- in the new Afghan government. This person would encourage the Karzai government to guarantee these rights in the new constitution and would ensure that U.S. and U.N. aid went only to those local leaders and law enforcement officials who "firmly demonstrate respect for human rights," as the U.N. Security Council has specified. The envoy would send a message that security and respect for human rights must go hand in hand.
The United States and other nations must take this opportunity to secure the just and lasting peace made possible by military victory. Warlords must not be given free rein to reestablish repression. What we do in Afghanistan is a prelude to Iraq. We must not let the opportunity to advance religious tolerance and human rights slip through our grasp -- or the grasp of the people of Afghanistan.
Felice D. Gaer is chairman of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom and director of the Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights of the American Jewish Committee. Michael K. Young is vice chairman of the commission and dean of the George Washington University School of Law.
© 2003 The Washington Post Company
Feb 26, 2003
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
February 26, 2003
Contact:
Anne Johnson, Director of Communications, (202) 523-3240, ext. 27
WASHINGTON - The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, an independent federal agency advising the Administration and Congress, yesterday wrote President Bush, urging him to impress upon Afghan President Hamid Karzai in their February 27 meeting the need to ensure that basic human rights are fully guaranteed in Afghanistan. The Commission is seriously concerned about reports on continued human rights abuses in Afghanistan and indications that Afghanistan is being reconstructed - without significant U.S. opposition - as a state in which an extreme interpretation of Shariah is enforced by the authorities of a government which the United States supports and with which we are closely identified both within Afghanistan and internationally. The Commission has recommended that President Bush appoint a high-ranking official to the American diplomatic mission in Afghanistan with the sole responsibility to promote, coordinate, monitor, and report on implementation of international standards of human rights, including religious freedom, in connection with the reconstruction effort.
The text of the letter follows:
Dear Mr. President:
The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, pursuant to its advisory responsibilities under the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, respectfully urges you to impress upon President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan the need to ensure that basic human rights are fully guaranteed in his country. A personal message from you at this time could reverse otherwise disturbing trends undercutting freedom as Afghanistan rebuilds its government and legal system.
In your last State of the Union address, you spoke eloquently of our country's commitment to freedom in Afghanistan. Yet the Commission is seriously concerned by reports of continued human rights abuses in Afghanistan and by indications that Afghanistan is being reconstructed - without significant U.S. opposition - as a state in which an extreme interpretation of Shariah is enforced by the authorities of a government which the United States strongly supports and with which we are closely identified both within Afghanistan and internationally. A preliminary draft of Afghanistan's new constitution is expected to be issued for public comment in March, in preparation for the convening of the Constitutional Loya Jirga later this year. This is the crucial time to ensure that basic rights are fully guaranteed.
Mindful of these reports, the Commission held a public forum, on January 29 of this year, to raise concerns about negative trends in the current phase of Afghanistan's judicial and constitutional reconstruction and to encourage Afghans and members of the international donor community to ensure that Afghanistan's new institutions, laws, and practices reflect internationally-accepted human rights standards, including those relating to religious freedom.
Based on the information presented at the forum as well as other research, the Commission's concerns regarding human rights in Afghanistan continue. These include:
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Reported efforts to deny equal rights to women and religious minorities in Afghanistan's new constitution, retreating even from the guarantees provided in the 1964 constitution (which declared that "The people of Afghanistan, without any discrimination or preference, have equal rights and obligations before the law.");
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Misguided judicial activism by Afghanistan's Chief Justice endorsing amputations and other abusive corporal punishments and his public threats of death toward recalcitrant non-Muslims, activism that has not been publicly opposed by the Karzai government;
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Coercive measures by official agencies, including religious police organizations, that require Afghans to follow specific religious practices or to suffer the consequences of non-conformance;
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Abuses against women and girls, sometimes with the apparently active support of the police and the courts;
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The use of charges of blasphemy against reformers, including a female member of the cabinet of the previous Interim Administration who is also one of Afghanistan's leading human rights officials (a charge later dropped under international pressure, but one that effectively barred her from the current Transitional Administration's cabinet);
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Torture and other maltreatment of prisoners, including reports of incidents resulting in mass death, about which there have as yet been no thorough, credible investigations;
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Mistreatment of returning refugees and internally displaced persons, including reports of forced repatriation; and
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The prevention of a Karzai appointee from assuming her post as head of the Red Crescent because an interim appointee, a member of the Northern Alliance, refuses to leave the position.
The Commission believes that religious tolerance and respect for human rights are essential both to Afghanistan's security, recovery, and reconstruction and to regional stability. Last June, we recommended that the U.S. government should, among other things, appoint a high-ranking official to the American diplomatic mission in Afghanistan with the sole responsibility to promote, coordinate, monitor, and report on the implementation of international standards of human rights, including religious freedom, in connection with the ongoing reconstruction effort.
The United States has already made a tremendous investment in Afghanistan. A renewed and enhanced commitment by the U.S. government to promoting respect for human rights and religious tolerance in the process of Afghanistan's reconstruction would strengthen the moderate, reformist elements of which President Karzai is a leading member. The Commission therefore urges you to use the occasion of President Karzai's visit to lend the weight of your office once again to make clear how vital freedom is to the reconstruction of Afghanistan and that President Karzai must take stronger measures to guarantee human rights protections for all Afghans.
Thank you, Mr. President, for considering the Commission's views.
Respectfully,
Felice Gaer
Chair
The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom was created by the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 to monitor the status of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion or belief abroad, as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and related international instruments, and to give independent policy recommendations to the President, the Secretary of State and the Congress."
Felice D. Gaer,Chair
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