This report documents trends in religious freedom violations against Muslims during the last two years. While many Muslims in Africa practice their faith in peace and harmony, some Muslims have been denied their freedom of religion or belief across the region. Violators include state governments (in both Muslim- and Christian-majority countries) as well as nonstate actors. The factsheet provides illustrative examples of state persecution of Muslim minorities in Nigeria, Egypt, Algeria, and Eritrea; attacks on Muslim leaders and houses of worship; and targeting of Muslims in the context of political conflict in Africa.