Religious freedom conditions in Cuba continue to trend negatively. The new constitution has changed religious freedom protections, and the government aggressively targets religious leaders who oppose these changes. The Cuban government employs persistent harassment and intimidation campaigns against religious leaders. Common tactics include threats, short-term detentions, travel restrictions and violence against some religious leaders.

The government imprisoned certain practicing Shi’a Muslims over their alleged connections to Iran. Detained religious actors accused law enforcement of threatening and wielding physical and sexual violence to elicit false confessions. The government also enforced its restrictive religion law which subjects virtually all religious practices to intrusive state oversight. New satellite imagery documented the destruction of Armenian religious sites in Nagorno-Karabakh.

The Vietnam government continues to enforce the Law on Belief and Religion, which requires religious organizations to register with the state, and to harass unregistered religious groups. Additionally, ethnic minority communities face especially egregious persecution for the peaceful practice of their religious beliefs, including physical assault, detention or banishment.