Religious freedom conditions in Sudan have improved significantly, although serious challenges remain. Within the first several months of assuming power, the transitional government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, has made concrete moves to improve religious freedom.

Religious freedom conditions in Saudi Arabia remain poor, despite some recent improvements. The Saudi government has lifted certain religious restrictions on women’s rights and issued a new personal status law that codifies certain legal provisions. However, the public practice of any religion other than Islam is prohibited, and no houses of worship other than mosques are allowed in the kingdom.

Religious freedom conditions across Pakistan continue to trend negatively. The systematic enforcement of blasphemy and anti-Ahmadiyya laws, and authorities’ failure to address forced conversions of religious minorities—including Hindus, Christians, and Sikhs—to Islam, severely restrict freedom of religion or belief.